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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

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IoT-driven smart irrigation system to improve water use efficiency.

Zeinab E Mohamed1, M K Afify1, M M Badr2

  • 1Department of Agricultural Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

Scientific Reports
|January 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a smart irrigation system using IoT and sensors to enhance agriculture. The system optimizes water use, increases crop yield, and improves disease control, contributing to food and water security.

Keywords:
IoTMobile applicationSensorsSmart irrigation systemWater use efficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Engineering
  • Environmental Science
  • Computer Science

Background:

  • Traditional irrigation methods face challenges from population growth and climate change, necessitating advanced solutions.
  • The agriculture sector is vital for food security and economic stability.
  • Developing efficient irrigation systems is crucial for sustainable farming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a smart irrigation system integrating Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and sensors for real-time monitoring and control.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of wood vinegar at different concentrations for improving crop yield and disease management.
  • To assess the system's impact on water consumption, yield increase, and disease severity.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a smart irrigation system utilizing IoT, cloud computing, embedded systems, and sensors.
  • Integration of real-time monitoring and control for irrigation, fertilization, and biopesticide application.
  • Implementation of a mobile application for system oversight and management.

Main Results:

  • The smart irrigation system reduced water consumption by 47% and increased lettuce yield by 43%.
  • Low concentrations of wood vinegar effectively improved water use efficiency and disease control.
  • The optimal moisture content for best results was found to be 26% with a wood vinegar concentration impact of 400.

Conclusions:

  • The developed smart irrigation system significantly enhances water use efficiency and crop yield.
  • The system supports smart agriculture practices, contributing to global food and water security.
  • Wood vinegar application, particularly at specific concentrations, is a viable strategy for optimizing crop production and health.