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A novel Hankel norm approximation-based AGC for a hydro-dominated power system.

Sadaf Naqvi1, Ibraheem2, Gulshan Sharma3

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.

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|January 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Model Order Reduction (MOR) simplifies complex power system models for automatic generation control (AGC). The Hankel norm approximation (HNA) method effectively reduces model order while preserving system dynamics and reducing computational load.

Keywords:
Automatic generation control (AGC)Hankel norm approximation (HNA)Hydro turbineModel order reduction (MOR) techniquesModeling & simulationMultivariable systemTruncation method

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Area of Science:

  • Power Systems Engineering
  • Control Theory
  • Computational Mathematics

Background:

  • Automatic Generation Control (AGC) analysis involves computationally intensive differential equations.
  • Time constants and delays complicate modeling, especially in hydro-dominated power systems.
  • Model Order Reduction (MOR) is crucial for managing complexity in higher-order systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply the Hankel norm approximation (HNA) method for developing reduced-order models for AGC.
  • To reduce an eleventh-order hydro-dominated power system model to seventh, eighth, and ninth-order representations.
  • To evaluate the stability margins and dynamic responses of these reduced-order models.

Main Methods:

  • Application of the Hankel norm approximation (HNA) method.
  • Reduction of an eleventh-order system to lower-order models (7th, 8th, 9th order).
  • Eigenvalue analysis for stability margin evaluation and dynamic response comparison.

Main Results:

  • Reduced-order models successfully preserve essential system dynamics.
  • Significant reduction in computational effort for AGC analysis.
  • HNA demonstrated effectiveness compared to truncation-based reduction.

Conclusions:

  • MOR techniques, specifically HNA, are effective for simplifying complex AGC models.
  • Reduced-order models offer a computationally efficient alternative for analyzing hydro-dominated power systems.
  • The proposed HNA method provides benefits over traditional truncation approaches for AGC model reduction.