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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

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Published on: August 23, 2018

Amorphous Red Phosphorus: Host-Guest Assembly with Cyclodextrin.

Jiulong Zhou¹, Lifeng Yao¹, Song Zhang¹

¹Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|January 17, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Amorphous red phosphorus (ARP) now shows host-guest chemistry. It forms water-soluble complexes with cyclodextrins (CDs), enhancing its potential for functional materials.

Keywords:

amorphous red phosphorus cyclodextrins host–guest inorganic elementary molecules supramolecular self‐assembly

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Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes

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Area of Science:

Supramolecular Chemistry
Polymer Science
Materials Science

Background:

Amorphous red phosphorus (ARP) is known as a zig-zag ladder polymer.
Its applications beyond a phosphorus source are largely unexplored.
The host-guest chemistry of ARP has not been previously investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the host-guest chemistry of amorphous red phosphorus (ARP).
To investigate the assembly of ARP with cyclodextrins (CDs).
To determine if this assembly can enhance ARP's water solubility and create new functional materials.

Main Methods:

Host-guest complexation of ARP with alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins (α-CD and β-CD) in water.
Characterization using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
Imaging and mechanical analysis using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS).

Main Results:

ARP forms water-soluble pseudo-polyrotaxanes with CDs.
β-CD readily assembles with ARP due to matching cavity and polymer widths.
α-CD assembly is less efficient, requiring conformational changes and resulting in lower threading.
Complexation enhances ARP water solubility and increases chain stiffness with CD coverage.

Conclusions:

This study establishes the first host-guest chemistry for amorphous red phosphorus (ARP).
ARP can be assembled with cyclodextrins (CDs) to form water-soluble supramolecular structures.
This approach offers a method to tune the hydrophilicity of inorganic polymer chains without chemical modification, paving the way for novel phosphorus-based functional materials.