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Medical Gas Plasma Inactivates Adenoviruses via Capsid Oxidation.

Anke Schmidt1, Meike Heuser1,2, Paul Schulan1

  • 1ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|January 17, 2026
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Medical gas plasma effectively inactivates viruses like adenovirus by altering viral proteins and size. This antiviral mechanism involves reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, supporting its therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
CAPROSadenoviruscold atmospheric pressure plasmakINPenreactive oxygen speciesscavenger

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Virology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Pandemics necessitate novel antiviral therapeutics.
  • Medical gas plasma is a proposed antiviral agent with unclear mechanisms.
  • Adenovirus poses a significant threat to lung cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the antiviral mechanisms of medical gas plasma against adenovirus.
  • To identify the key reactive species responsible for virus inactivation.
  • To assess the impact of gas plasma on viral structure and infectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a certified argon plasma jet for controlled exposure.
  • Employed dynamic infection monitoring to quantify viral infectivity.
  • Investigated the role of antioxidants and nitric oxide scavengers.
  • Analyzed viral morphology and protein modifications using mass spectrometry.

Main Results:

  • Gas plasma exposure reduced adenovirus infectivity in a time-dependent manner (90s exposure yielded 96% loss).
  • Antioxidants and a nitric oxide scavenger abrogated inactivation, implicating hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite.
  • Gas plasma caused morphological changes and a 16.5% decrease in virus size without DNA damage.
  • Identified oxidative hotspots on key viral proteins (penton, hexon, fiber) involved in cell entry.

Conclusions:

  • Medical gas plasma inactivates adenovirus via oxidative and nitrosative chemistry targeting viral proteins.
  • Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are the primary antiviral agents.
  • Findings support the translational application of gas plasma as an antiviral therapy.