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A Rat Model of Mild Intrauterine Hypoperfusion with Microcoil Stenosis

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Association between isolated single umbilical artery and neurodevelopmental disorders: population-based study.

C Ebbing^1,2, A Halmoy^3,4, E Jauniaux⁵

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.

Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

|January 17, 2026

Summary

Isolated single umbilical artery (iSUA) is weakly linked to intellectual disability (ID) and ADHD, particularly in females. Preterm birth and SGA mediate less than 10% of this association, offering reassurance for parents.

Keywords:

ADHD NDD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder causal mediation analysis children intellectual disability neurodevelopmental disorders newborn population study pregnancy umbilical arteries

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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Area of Science:

Perinatal Medicine
Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics
Medical Informatics

Background:

Single umbilical artery (SUA) is linked to adverse perinatal outcomes and major anomalies.
Limited data exists on the association between SUA and childhood neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD).
Isolated SUA (iSUA) requires further investigation regarding NDD risk and mediating factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the risk of NDD in children with isolated SUA (iSUA).
To assess the impact of sex on the iSUA-NDD association.
To examine the mediating roles of gestational age and birth weight in the iSUA-NDD relationship.

Main Methods:

Historical national cohort study linking Norwegian registries (1999-2013 births).
Inclusion of singleton live births diagnosed with iSUA.
Multilevel logistic regression and causal mediation analysis for NDD, preterm birth, and SGA.

Main Results:

iSUA was associated with increased odds of intellectual disability (ID) and ADHD.
Associations were observed in females but not males.
Preterm birth and small-for-gestational age (SGA) mediated <10% of the iSUA-ID association.

Conclusions:

iSUA shows a weak association with ID and ADHD, not other NDD.
Sex influences the iSUA-NDD association.
Findings are reassuring for counseling parents of fetuses with iSUA.