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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow

Published on: April 18, 2019

Developing a simple robust method for the quantification of PFAS in soil.

Mulugeta Legesse Akele¹, Chelsea Ohlson², Wejdan Alghamdi³

¹Australian Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.

|January 17, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new method efficiently extracts and quantifies per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil. This optimized approach improves analysis of these persistent contaminants, aiding environmental monitoring and human health assessments.

Keywords:

Extraction LC-MS/MS Matrix effects PFAS Soil

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Area of Science:

Environmental Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Environmental Science

Background:

Soils serve as a significant reservoir for persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).
Accurate quantification of diverse PFAS in soil matrices is challenging due to extraction inefficiencies and mass spectrometry interferences.
PFAS contamination poses risks to ecosystems and human health through environmental migration.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate an optimized extraction and clean-up method for quantifying a wide range of PFAS in soil samples.
To improve analytical accuracy and efficiency for PFAS detection in complex soil matrices using LC-MS/MS.

Main Methods:

Evaluated various extraction solvents (methanol, acetonitrile, isopropyl alcohol) with pH modifiers.
Assessed dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) and cartridge-based clean-up techniques, with Agilent Carbon S cartridge showing superior matrix removal.
Developed a sequential extraction protocol using basic methanol and acetonitrile washes, followed by Agilent Carbon S clean-up.

Main Results:

The optimized method achieved high matrix removal and recovery rates (70-130%) for 50 out of 68 target PFAS.
Application to 15 diverse soil samples detected eight PFAS in 12 samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.14 to 4.6 ng/g.
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) was the most frequently detected PFAS (73% of samples), with levels below national guidelines.

Conclusions:

The developed sequential extraction and clean-up method offers an efficient approach for quantifying PFAS in soils.
The study identified PFAS in Victorian soils, though further state-wide surveys are needed due to the small sample size.
This optimized analytical method can support environmental monitoring and risk assessment of PFAS contamination.