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Selective phosphate calcification and enhanced nutrient removal through sulfide-based autotrophic denitrification.

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Sulfide-based autotrophic denitrification (SAD) effectively removes nitrogen and sulfur, achieving high removal rates. This process also facilitates significant phosphate removal, primarily through bio-induced chemical precipitation, offering a novel wastewater treatment strategy.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Wastewater treatment requires efficient removal of nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus.
  • Sulfide-based autotrophic denitrification (SAD) is a promising method for nitrogen and sulfur removal.
  • Understanding phosphate removal mechanisms within SAD systems is crucial for optimizing wastewater treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficiency and mechanism of phosphate removal during sulfide-based autotrophic denitrification.
  • To determine the influence of calcium and magnesium ions on phosphate removal.
  • To identify key environmental factors affecting phosphate removal in SAD systems.

Main Methods:

  • Sulfide-based autotrophic denitrification (SAD) experiments were conducted.
  • Phosphate, nitrate, and sulfide removal efficiencies were measured.
  • Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess ion removal relationships.
  • SMT, XRD, SEM, and chemical tests were employed to identify phosphorus removal products and mechanisms.
  • Microbial community analysis and redundancy analysis were performed.

Main Results:

  • SAD achieved high removal rates for nitrate (89.64%) and sulfide (90.52%).
  • Phosphate removal efficiency exceeded 33.62% in the presence of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, reaching 63.52% at 45 mg P/L.
  • Bio-induced chemical phosphorus removal, forming CaHPO₄·2H₂O, was the primary mechanism, enhanced by SAD organisms.
  • pH was identified as the most significant factor influencing phosphate removal (69.80%).

Conclusions:

  • SAD is effective for simultaneous nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphate removal.
  • The process promotes selective calcification removal of phosphate, primarily as inorganic calcium phosphate.
  • pH is a critical parameter for optimizing phosphate removal in SAD systems.
  • This study provides mechanistic insights for concurrent nitrogen and phosphorus removal technologies.