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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
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Interoception and allostatic load after stroke: A scoping review.

Paul M Jenkinson1, Gerardo Salvato2, Michela Bassolino3

  • 1Faculty of Psychology, Counselling and Psychotherapy, The Cairnmillar Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK; NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|January 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stroke frequently impairs interoception, the sensing of internal body states, affecting recovery. Research on stroke

Keywords:
AllostasisAllostatic loadInteroceptionPhysiological regulationRecoveryStroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Physiological regulation and allostasis are vital for survival, maintained by interoception.
  • The central nervous system is crucial for interoception and allostasis; brain damage, like stroke, can disrupt these functions.
  • Understanding how stroke impacts interoception and allostatic load is essential for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize evidence on how stroke affects interoceptive functions and allostatic load.
  • To investigate the relationship between these disruptions and stroke outcomes, recovery, and neural substrates.
  • To identify gaps in the current research landscape.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review of 39 empirical studies examining interoceptive abilities or allostatic load in stroke patients.
  • Analysis of study findings regarding the impact of stroke on various interoceptive domains.
  • Examination of reported associations between interoceptive deficits, allostatic load, and stroke outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Stroke commonly impairs interoception across domains like cardiac awareness, respiration, temperature, hunger, and fatigue.
  • These interoceptive deficits correlate with poorer functional outcomes, including reduced recovery and cognitive impairment.
  • Insular and somatosensory lesions are most frequently linked to interoceptive deficits; allostatic load may worsen cognitive decline.

Conclusions:

  • Stroke significantly disrupts the body's internal regulation, impacting recovery trajectories.
  • Systematic research on the interoceptive and allostatic consequences of stroke is still in its early stages.
  • Future research should focus on mechanistic studies, standardized assessments, and interventions for interoception-related dysregulation in stroke rehabilitation.