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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

The Perinatal Asphyxiated Lamb Model: A Model for Newborn Resuscitation
Published on: August 15, 2018
Bubble CPAP in neonatal care: mechanisms, evidence, and pathways to optimization
Amanda Gross1, Emily R Campbell2, Lidiaine Oliveira3
1Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Abstract:
Bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a widely used non-invasive respiratory support strategy for neonates and is commonly employed in the management of preterm infants with respiratory distress. Bubble CPAP generates continuous distending pressure by submerging the distal expiratory limb in water, producing low-amplitude, high-frequency pressure oscillations as airflow escapes and bubbles into the water canister. These oscillations, which are transmitted back to the neonate, vary dynamically with airway and lung mechanics and may contribute to the physiological benefits observed with bubble CPAP. This review summarizes the historical context, physiological rationale, clinical evidence supporting bubble CPAP, and areas for future optimization.
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