Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Interference: Path Lengths01:10

Interference: Path Lengths

1.9K
Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...
1.9K
Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

51.7K
Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
51.7K
Routh-Hurwitz Criterion I01:15

Routh-Hurwitz Criterion I

550
Consider an electrical power grid, where stability is essential to prevent blackouts. The Routh-Hurwitz criterion is a valuable tool for assessing system stability under varying load conditions or faults. By analyzing the closed-loop transfer function, the Routh-Hurwitz criterion helps determine whether the system remains stable.
To apply the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, a Routh table is constructed. The table's rows are labeled with powers of the complex frequency variable s, starting from the...
550
Sound Waves: Interference00:53

Sound Waves: Interference

4.5K
Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
4.5K
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.5K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.5K
Interference and Superposition of Waves01:07

Interference and Superposition of Waves

6.5K
When two waves of the same nature occur in the same region simultaneously, they result in interference. Interference of waves implies that the net effect of the waves is the sum of the individual waves' effects. However, it does not imply that the individual waves affect the propagation of other waves.
Interference occurs in mechanical waves, such as sound waves, waves on a string, and surface water waves. Mechanical waves correspond to the physical displacement of particles. Hence,...
6.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Retrieving effectively from source memory: Evidence for differentiation and local matching processes.

Cognitive psychology·2024
Same author

Response bias in numerosity perception at early judgments and systematic underestimation.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2021
Same author

Turkish Emotional Word Norms for Arousal, Valence, and Discrete Emotion Categories.

Psychological reports·2018
Same author

Release from output interference in recognition memory: A test of the attention hypothesis.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2017
Same author

Models that allow us to perceive the world more accurately also allow us to remember past events more accurately via differentiation.

Cognitive psychology·2016
Same author

Age and response bias: evidence from the strength-based mirror effect.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice
09:15

The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice

Published on: February 4, 2015

28.4K

Criterion shifts change the pattern of output interference.

Cavit Deniz Pala1, Aslı Kılıç2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey. denizp@metu.edu.tr.

Memory & Cognition
|January 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Experimentally shifting decision criteria impacts memory test performance. Liberal criteria reduced performance decline but increased errors, while conservative criteria worsened performance decline.

Keywords:
CriterionOutput interferenceRecognition memoryResponse biasRetrieving Effectively from Memory

More Related Videos

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat
09:45

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat

Published on: January 23, 2017

8.6K
A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

14.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice
09:15

The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice

Published on: February 4, 2015

28.4K
New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat
09:45

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat

Published on: January 23, 2017

8.6K
A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

14.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Output interference describes performance decline during memory tests.
  • Understanding how decision criteria influence this interference is crucial for memory models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if manipulating decision criteria alters output interference patterns.
  • To identify the underlying cognitive processes responsible for any observed interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments manipulated decision criteria using base rate changes (between-subjects design).
  • Hit rates (HR) and false alarm rates (FAR) were analyzed across test blocks.
  • Simulations using the Retrieving Effectively from Memory (REM) model were performed.

Main Results:

  • Between-subjects base rate manipulation successfully shifted decision criteria.
  • Liberal criteria attenuated HR decline and increased FAR; conservative criteria showed steeper HR decline with stable FAR.
  • A learning-during-test mechanism best explained the observed interaction between response bias and output interference.

Conclusions:

  • Decision criteria significantly interact with output interference in recognition memory.
  • Memory performance during testing is influenced by both response bias and ongoing learning processes.