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Related Concept Videos

Quality Assurance01:19

Quality Assurance

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Quality assurance is the overarching term used to describe the activities employed to ensure the proper performance of a system. These activities can be classified into three categories: quality control, quality assessment, and internal corrective measures. Typically, these activities work cyclically: quality control is performed before and during the analysis, while quality assessment occurs during and after the investigation. Internal corrective measures are implemented based on the findings...
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Soundness of Cement01:17

Soundness of Cement

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The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create...
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Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete01:22

Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete

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Concrete's susceptibility to water absorption is due to the capillary action within the pores of its hydrated cement paste. This action draws water in, creating the need for waterproofing admixtures to prevent such penetration. The efficacy of these admixtures is contingent upon the water pressure, with variations arising from different conditions such as rain, capillary rise, or hydrostatic pressure in structures intended to hold water.
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IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding01:23

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

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The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
However, the extent of hydrogen bonding influences the observed stretching frequency and band broadening. Intermolecular or intramolecular...
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¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

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Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
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¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

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When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements
09:36

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements

Published on: June 25, 2021

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Enhancing quantum audio watermarking security through joint verification and certification.

Zheng Xing1, Chan-Tong Lam2, Xiaochen Yuan2

  • 1School of Computer Science, South China Business College, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, 510545, Guangdong, China. 201135@gwng.edu.cn.

Scientific Reports
|January 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a dual-security quantum audio watermarking method, enhancing protection against unauthorized use. The new approach improves watermark security and robustness, addressing current system vulnerabilities.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements
09:36

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements

Published on: June 25, 2021

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Digital Watermarking
  • Audio Security

Background:

  • Existing quantum audio watermarking focuses on robustness, neglecting security vulnerabilities like impersonation.
  • Current methods are susceptible to unauthorized access and manipulation.
  • A need exists for enhanced security in quantum watermarking systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel dual-security mechanism for quantum audio watermarking.
  • To integrate joint watermark verification and certification using a paging seal principle.
  • To enhance resilience against errors and tampering via Quantum Error Correction (QEC) coding.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a dual-security framework combining joint verification and certification.
  • Implemented Quantum Error Correction (QEC) coding for error resilience.
  • Evaluated watermark imperceptibility using Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Bit Error Rate (BER).

Main Results:

  • Achieved high watermark imperceptibility with SNR > 46 dB.
  • Demonstrated a 62.5% reduction in average Bit Error Rate (BER) at a 0.10 qubit error probability.
  • The proposed method shows superior performance compared to state-of-the-art techniques.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed dual-security mechanism significantly enhances the security and robustness of quantum audio watermarking.
  • Integration of QEC coding improves resilience against qubit errors and malicious attacks.
  • This approach offers a promising direction for secure quantum audio watermarking applications.