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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Differentiating Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells
Protocol for morphogen-guided differentiation of brain cell types using human induced pluripotent stem cells
Lu Qian1, Juao-Guilherme Rosa2, Julia Tcw2
1Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
None:
Modeling neurological disorders is challenging due to differing functional genomics and phenotypes among species. Here, we present a protocol for morphogen-guided differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into microglia, astrocytes, and mixed cortical cultures (MCCs) for studying human brain disorders. We describe steps for enhancing microglial production using hypoxia and implementing quality-control measures for astrocyte and MCC differentiations. We detail knockout serum replacement procedures for serum-free astrocytes. This protocol enables cell-type-specific investigation of disease mechanisms and drug screening.
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