Maternal Microbiota and Its Potential Implications for Mammalian Reproduction Health

Microbiota-host crosstalk has an important role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and regulating reproductive endocrine functions. However, the effects of maternal microbiota in reproduction and their underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood. In this study, we systematically reviewed the regulation of maternal microbiota on maintaining steroid hormone synthesis, relieving reproductive organ disorders, and improving follicular and fetal development. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms including the nutritional modulation of maternal microbiota on pregnancy outcomes and offspring growth were also discussed. In summary, maternal microbiota contributes to reproductive organs health and embryonic and fetal development, leading to profound impacts on offspring growth. These insights provide new opportunities to develop strategies aimed at optimizing maternal microbiomes to improve reproductive performance in mammals.