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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

In Situ Gas Analysis and Fire Characterization of Lithium-Ion Cells During Thermal Runaway Using an Environmental Chamber
Published on: March 31, 2023
Highly thermoelectric chitosan-based hydrogel for integrated thermal safety protection system: Cooling, overheating
Jixin Gong1, Xinyi Ma1, Jiaqi Ding1
1School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
Abstract:
With the global advancement of new energy strategies, thermal safety management plays a crucial role in the development of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This study synthesizes a chitosan/poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/lignosulfonate/sodium chloride/glycerol hydrogel (CALSG) via in situ radical polymerization and solvent exchange. This CALSG hydrogel exhibits excellent water retention and flame-retardant properties. Additionally, it demonstrates outstanding thermoelectric property with a Seebeck coefficient of 14.52 mV/K, indicating a remarkable sensitivity to temperature variations. Based on these integrated properties, we developed a comprehensive thermal safety protection system for LIBs that delivers three functions: cooling, overheating warning, and thermal runaway (TR) suppression. This system not only maintains LIBs within a safe operating temperature range but also triggers an alarm once the battery surface temperature surpasses a predefined threshold, thereby mitigating potential safety hazards. In the event of TR, this CALSG hydrogel effectively suppresses TR propagation and partially blocks the spreading sparks and jet flames, providing time for emergency response. This approach presents a promising solution to address thermal safety concerns in LIBs, underscoring the potential of ionic hydrogels in enhancing the safety and reliability of LIB applications.
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