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Updated: Jan 20, 2026
An Electrophysiology Protocol to Measure Reward Anticipation and Processing in Children
Published on: October 4, 2018
Interactive reward-based situational simulation intervention in perioperational emergency management for children
Li He1, Yifeng Zhou1, Yimin Cai2
1Department of Operating, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61 of West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410005, China.
Objectives:
This study aimed to explore the effects of rewarding situational simulation games in the perioperative period of children with concealed penis.
Methods:
A total of 82 children diagnosed with concealed penis and scheduled for elective surgery were selected as the study participants between April 2022 and October 2022 in the urology department of a Grade III hospital in Changsha, Hunan Province. Of these, 41 children were in the control group and 41 in the experimental group. The control group was given routine health education, whereas the experimental group additionally received a rewarding situational simulation game. The intervention times were 1 day before surgery, in the waiting area before surgery, during the induction period of anaesthesia and 24 h after surgery, once in each period - a total of four times. The general data of the children and their main caregivers were recorded and analysed. The Chinese version of the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS) was used. The SPSS 25.0 statistical software package was used to analyse the data in this study.
Results:
The m-YPAS scores in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group at the two time points before surgery (32.9 ± 7.0 vs 42.6 ± 8.6) and during anaesthesia induction (38.6 ± 5.8 vs 51.1 ± 9.1), and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The Induction Compliance Checklist score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).
Conclusions:
The rewarding situational simulation game can reduce the preoperative anxiety level of children undergoing concealed penis surgery and improve the degree of cooperation during anaesthesia induction.
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The glans penis, or the head, is the terminal part of the penis and houses the external urethral orifice, the exit point for urine and semen. Covered by the prepuce, or foreskin, the glans is noted for its sensitivity and plays a key role in sexual pleasure. The body of the...