Artery Tertiary Lymphoid Organs Form Neuroimmune Cardiovascular Interfaces in Atherosclerosis

Sarajo K Mohanta1,2, Mingyang Hong1,2, Xinyi Deng1

  • 1Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.

Immunological Reviews
|January 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Artery tertiary lymphoid organs (ATLOs) form in atherosclerotic arteries, not healthy ones. These structures create neuroimmune cardiovascular interfaces (NICIs) that link the nervous, immune, and cardiovascular systems, influencing disease progression.

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