Long-Term Effects of a Web-Based Exercise Programme for People With Intellectual Disabilities

Physical activity is essential for preventing noncommunicable diseases and improving health parameters. However, individuals with intellectual disabilities often struggle to meet recommended activity levels. Sustainable solutions and long-term follow-up are crucial for evaluating intervention efficacy.

This mixed-method longitudinal follow-up study examines the effects and experiences of a 12-week web-based exercise programme on individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). Body composition, physical activity levels and waist circumference were measured before and after the 12-week intervention period as well as 12 months after the end of the intervention period (i.e., long-term follow-up). Experiences were analysed using semistructured interviews. In the data analysis, repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction was utilised to investigate changes over time.

No significant changes were observed after 12 months, but there were effects on postintervention compared with preintervention on waist circumference. Some participants reported experiencing health benefits, which contributed to motivation, while others lacked motivation and were unaware that they could continue to exercise.

While improvements were noted post-intervention, sustaining these gains proved challenging during long-term follow-up. This study highlights the potential of web-based exercise programmes to support individuals with ID in increasing physical activity levels. However, the findings also underscore the need for more tailored and sustainable interventions, including structured support and ongoing engagement strategies, to enable lasting health behaviour change over time.