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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
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A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

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Outcomes in Early Adulthood for Individuals Born Very Preterm and/or with Very Low Birth Weight: Evidence from

Hanifa Pilvar1, Catia Nicodemo1,2, Stavros Petrou1

  • 1Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Journal of Pediatrics. Clinical Practice
|January 19, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Infants born very preterm (VP) or with very low birth weight (VLBW) face higher mortality and educational disadvantages in adulthood. Long-term support is crucial for their development beyond neonatal survival.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal research
  • Developmental pediatrics
  • Public health

Background:

  • Neonatal care advances improve survival for very preterm (VP) and very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.
  • Long-term outcomes into adulthood for VP/VLBW survivors are understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of VP/VLBW status on adult mortality, education, and labor market outcomes.
  • Utilize data from the RECAP Preterm Project for comprehensive analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Harmonized data from 5 national cohort studies in high-income countries.
  • Compared 2493 VP/VLBW individuals with 496 term-born controls using coarsened exact matching.
  • Employed instrumental variable approach (maternal nulliparity) to estimate gestational age effects.

Main Results:

  • VP/VLBW individuals had 16.7% higher mortality before adulthood compared to term controls.
  • Survivors showed a 4.3% greater likelihood of less than secondary education.
  • Each additional week of gestational age reduced mortality by 6.8% within the VP/VLBW group.

Conclusions:

  • VP/VLBW birth is linked to increased adult mortality and educational disadvantage.
  • Emphasizes the need for continued support in education and development policy for VP/VLBW individuals.
  • Highlights the importance of long-term follow-up beyond neonatal intensive care.
Abstract

Keywords:
RECAP projecteducational attainmentlong-run outcomespreterm birth

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