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Termination of Translation01:44

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
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Receiver Operating Characteristic Plot01:15

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A ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) plot is a graphical tool used to assess the performance of a binary classification model by illustrating the trade-off between sensitivity (true positive rate) and specificity (false positive rate). By plotting sensitivity against 1 - specificity across various threshold settings, the ROC curve shows how well the model distinguishes between classes, with a curve closer to the top-left corner indicating a more accurate model. The area under the ROC curve...
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Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells
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Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells

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Antimeningococcal Protection in Patients Receiving Terminal Complement Inhibitors.

Aleksandra Vujović1,2, Franz Schaefer3, Anne-Laure Sellier-Leclerc4

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Kidney International Reports
|January 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complement inhibitor therapy increases invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) risk. Combined vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis significantly reduced IMD incidence by 6-fold in C5 inhibitor patients, offering superior protection.

Keywords:
antibiotic prophylaxisantimeningococcal protectionantimeningococcal vaccinationatypical hemolytic uremic syndromecomplement inhibitorsmeningococcal infection

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • C5 inhibitor (C5i) therapy blocks the terminal complement pathway, increasing susceptibility to invasive meningococcal disease (IMD).
  • Current recommendations emphasize vaccination, but breakthrough infections occur, and antibiotic prophylaxis practices vary.
  • This study evaluates the added benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis in C5i-treated patients already receiving vaccination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the additional protection conferred by antibiotic prophylaxis beyond vaccination in patients undergoing long-term C5 inhibitor therapy.
  • To determine the incidence of IMD in C5i recipients under different preventive strategies.
  • To analyze the impact of adherence on the effectiveness of combined protection.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 124 patients receiving C5i therapy for over 6 months.
  • Classification into single protection (vaccination or antibiotics alone) and combined protection (vaccination and continuous antibiotics).
  • Outcomes assessed by prescribed and implemented regimens, accounting for adherence to antibiotic prophylaxis.

Main Results:

  • Combined protection was prescribed for 60% of patients; however, booster vaccination coverage was low (<40%) and adherence to antibiotics was suboptimal (25% non-adherence).
  • The overall IMD incidence was 0.74 cases per 100 patient-years.
  • After adjusting for noncompliance, combined protection demonstrated a 6-fold reduction in IMD risk (incidence 0.5 vs. 3.1 per 100 PY; P=0.03), with most infections caused by serogroup B.

Conclusions:

  • Combined vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis provide significantly greater protection against IMD in C5i-treated patients than vaccination alone.
  • Current guidelines recommending vaccination solely may not be sufficient for this high-risk population.
  • Further prospective monitoring is crucial to establish optimal preventive strategies for long-term C5i therapy recipients.