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Sodium-based donor-acceptor assemblies featuring thermally activated delayed fluorescence enabled by highly efficient

Ondřej Mrózek1, Tabea Heil1, Lukáš Hanzl1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany mrozek@iic.cas.cz andreas.steffen@tu-dortmund.de.

Chemical Science
|January 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces novel sodium complexes as cost-effective alternatives to precious metals for photocatalysis and OLEDs. These sodium-based materials exhibit efficient light absorption and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), paving the way for earth-abundant photocatalysts.

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Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Photocatalysis

Background:

  • Precious 4d and 5d metal complexes dominate photocatalysis and OLED applications.
  • Abundant alkali metals remain largely unexplored as alternatives.
  • 3d metals have been the primary focus for economical replacements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore economical and innovative sodium complexes as alternatives to precious metals.
  • To investigate sodium complexes for photocatalysis, OLEDs, and energy conversion.
  • To demonstrate the potential of sodium-based luminophores and photocatalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Stoichiometric control of 1,10-phenanthroline-5-carbonitrile (CNphen) and sodium 2,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)benzenethiolate Na(TMSBT).
  • Synthesis of neutral linear (Na1D) and 2D-polymeric (Na2D) sodium assemblies.
  • Characterization of optical properties including visible light absorption and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF).

Main Results:

  • Formation of Na1D and Na2D sodium assemblies with distinct structural arrangements.
  • Observation of bright visible light absorption and TADF with high radiative rates (up to 4.5 × 105 s-1).
  • Successful application of sodium assemblies as visible light photosensitizers in Dexter energy transfer catalysis.

Conclusions:

  • Sodium complexes can form photoactive assemblies with unique structural and photophysical properties.
  • Through-space charge-transfer (TSCT) states are crucial for constructing photoactive coordination complexes.
  • Sodium-based luminophores show significant potential as TADF emitters and earth-abundant photocatalysts.