Research progress of glutarimide-containing polyketides: Structures, bioactivities and their biosynthesis

Area of Science:

• Natural Product Chemistry
• Medicinal Chemistry
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Glutarimide-containing polyketides (GPs) exhibit significant antifungal, antibacterial, and antitumor properties.
• Over 65 natural GPs have been identified, featuring a glutarimide ring and a polyketide chain.
• The unique biosynthesis and action mechanisms of GPs drive ongoing research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To consolidate current knowledge on GP structure discovery, biological activities, and biosynthesis.
• To provide a reference for future research in GP mining and structure-activity relationship studies.
• To highlight the therapeutic potential of GPs, especially in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on glutarimide-containing polyketides.
• Analysis of structural diversity and biological activities reported for natural GPs.
• Examination of biosynthetic pathways, including trans-AT PKS mechanisms.
• Discussion of modern analytical techniques for GP discovery and characterization.

Main Results:

• The review covers the discovery of novel GP structures and their associated biological effects.
• It summarizes the multifaceted modes of action and biosynthetic pathways of GPs.
• Emphasis is placed on the potential of GPs as drug leads, particularly for cancer therapy.

Conclusions:

• GPs represent a promising class of natural products with significant therapeutic potential.
• Further research into GP biosynthesis and structure-activity relationships is warranted.
• Modern analytical techniques are crucial for advancing the discovery and development of GPs.