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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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This video demonstrates an in-situ fluorescence multispectral imaging technique to analyze different subpopulations of infiltrating T cells in tumor tissue. A renal cell carcinoma tissue cryosection is treated with antibodies to label CD8+ T cells that express specific inhibitory receptors and exhibit an immunotherapy-resistant phenotype. The labeled section is visualized using a multispectral microscope to identify the distinct CD8+ T cell...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

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Immunotherapy: should we worry about immunosenescence?

Asli Özkan1, Nienke A de Glas1,2, Johanneke E A Portielje1

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.

Ageing and Cancer Research & Treatment
|January 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

As the global population ages, understanding immunosenescence (age-related immune decline) is crucial for optimizing cancer immunotherapy. This research explores its impact on treatment response and adverse events in older patients.

Keywords:
Immunosenescencecheckpoint inhibitorsfrailtyimmunotherapyoncology

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • The global population is aging, leading to increased cancer incidence in older adults.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used but their efficacy and safety in elderly patients are influenced by immunosenescence, the age-related decline in immune function.
  • Challenges remain regarding resistance to immunotherapy and severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in this demographic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complex relationship between immunosenescence and the efficacy and safety of ICI therapy in older and frail cancer patients.
  • To highlight the need for research correlating immunosenescence markers with treatment outcomes and irAEs.
  • To emphasize the importance of understanding these factors for advancing geriatric oncology.

Main Methods:

  • This commentary reviews existing literature and discusses the interrelationship between immunosenescence, frailty, and ICI therapy.
  • It focuses on the potential impact of peripheral blood immunosenescence markers on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and treatment response.
  • The review also considers the occurrence and management of irAEs in older patients.

Main Results:

  • Limited research currently exists on the direct correlation between immunosenescence markers and ICI treatment outcomes or irAEs in older adults.
  • Immunosenescence is hypothesized to influence both the effectiveness of immunotherapy and the risk of adverse events.
  • Understanding these associations is critical for predicting patient response and managing side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Identifying reliable biomarkers of immunosenescence is essential for stratifying older patients for ICI therapy.
  • Personalized treatment approaches are needed to improve outcomes and minimize risks in geriatric oncology.
  • Further research is crucial to elucidate the role of immunosenescence in cancer immunotherapy for elderly and frail populations.