Insomnia and Its Therapeutic Approaches Among University Students in Madrid

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that affects students' academic performance and quality of life. This study aims to assess the prevalence of insomnia among students from various degrees enrolled at several universities in Madrid, examine the factors influencing its prevalence, and evaluate the different methods students use to alleviate the problem.

We conducted a cross-sectional study using an anonymous "Google Forms" survey that included a validated insomnia questionnaire and additional relevant questions. The survey was distributed online, and we collected 414 responses, of which 408 were valid.

Of these, 44 students (10.8%) reported moderate insomnia, and 3 (0.7%) severe insomnia. Insomnia was more frequent among women (13.8% of 298 women) compared to men (4.6% of 108 men) (P = 0.01). There were no significant differences between different degree programs or between lower and higher year students. Academic performance and mood were lower in students with insomnia. Thirty students (7.4%) reported using medications to aid sleep, such as melatonin or benzodiazepines; 66 (16.2%) used herbal products, and 24 (5.9%) used both. Of the students with insomnia, 28 (59.6%) used medications or herbal products, compared to 92 (25.5%) of those without insomnia (P < 0.001).

We conclude that 11.5% of students suffer from insomnia, and 40% of them do not receive any treatment, indicating a need for improved diagnostic measures and increased treatment options.