Progress on experimental models of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that primarily affects the optic nerve and spinal cord. At present, the etiology and pathogenesis of NMOSD have not been fully clarified, and its treatment is not perfect, and ideal animal models are a key tool to explore the disease mechanism and screen therapeutic drugs. In recent years, the discovery and confirmation of neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G (anti-AQP4 antibodies) as aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-specific antibodies have greatly promoted the study of the pathogenesis of NMOSD, and the study of animal models of NMOSD has become a hot topic of current attention. This article reviews the research progress of NMOSD animal models in recent years, providing a reference for further promoting the in-depth understanding of NMOSD and the formulation of treatment plans.