Simultaneous Occurrence of Two Renal Artery Variations in a Single Potential Kidney Donor

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Vascular Surgery
• Transplant Surgery

Background:

• Precise preoperative vascular mapping is essential for successful renal transplantation.
• This case report details a rare instance of simultaneous dual renal artery variations in a prospective kidney donor.

Purpose of the Study:

• To document and discuss a rare case of simultaneous dual renal artery variations.
• To emphasize the importance of detailed preoperative imaging in identifying renal vascular anomalies for donor safety and surgical planning.

Main Methods:

• A healthy 27-year-old male underwent multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) renal angiography.
• Standard protocols including fasting, iohexol contrast administration, and bolus tracking were employed.
• Scanning covered the abdominal aorta from the celiac trunk to the iliac bifurcation.

Main Results:

• The CT scan revealed complex renal vascular anatomy in a prospective kidney donor.
• The right kidney had one main renal artery and two accessory arteries originating from different levels of the aorta.
• The left kidney displayed a main renal artery with a single accessory branch.

Conclusions:

• Embryological persistence of multiple aortic branches explains these rare vascular variations.
• Identifying such anomalies preoperatively is critical to prevent intraoperative complications, ensure proper graft perfusion, and optimize surgical outcomes.
• Routine high-resolution MDCT angiography and interdisciplinary collaboration are recommended for comprehensive donor evaluation and tailored surgical approaches.