Plant-derived extracellular vesicles in facial aesthetics

In the rapidly developing field of skin care, non-surgical facial aesthetics are becoming increasingly favored by consumers. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have attracted much attention due to their low toxicity, cellular communication function, and ability to carry bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and small molecules with pharmacological activities. Recent in vitro studies have shown that PDEVs enhance the transdermal delivery of drugs and improve skin condition, suggesting promising applications in facial aesthetics. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the application of PDEVs in anti-scarring, anti-aging, and anti-pigmentation therapies. We also discuss current limitations in their application and potential solutions to address these challenges. In conclusion, this review analyzes the roles and mechanisms of PDEVs in facial aesthetics and aims to support their future clinical application.