Paclitaxel-Induced Hypertriglyceridemia Complicated by Acute Pancreatitis: A Case Report

Paclitaxel, a widely used chemotherapy agent, has been associated with various adverse effects, including hypertriglyceridemia and, rarely, acute pancreatitis. The potential for paclitaxel to trigger lipid metabolism disturbances necessitates close monitoring of lipid profiles in patients undergoing treatment. We report the case of a 48-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer who developed acute pancreatitis following paclitaxel chemotherapy. She presented with abdominal pain radiating to the back, nausea, and vomiting one week after her fourth cycle of paclitaxel. Imaging confirmed acute pancreatitis, and laboratory studies revealed significantly elevated serum triglyceride and lipase levels. Paclitaxel was discontinued, and the patient was managed with lipid-lowering therapy, analgesics, and intravenous hydration, leading to clinical improvement and normalization of triglyceride and lipase levels. She was subsequently referred back to the oncology team for further guidance on her breast cancer therapy. Given her paclitaxel-based regimen, chemotherapy-induced hypertriglyceridemia complicated by pancreatitis was strongly suspected. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and monitoring of lipid levels in patients receiving paclitaxel chemotherapy, as prompt intervention can prevent severe complications. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms and risk factors for this rare but life-threatening adverse effect.