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Incidence of Pyogenic Arthritis in Aragón, Spain, From 2015 to 2023

Alberto San Pedro1, Elena García-Cristobal1, Felicito Garcia-Alvarez2,3,4

  • 1Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, ESP.

Cureus
|January 19, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Pyogenic arthritis hospitalizations in Aragón, Spain, significantly increased in 2022, predominantly affecting men. While cases decreased in 2023, they remained above pre-2021 levels, highlighting an evolving trend in this infection.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Rheumatology
  • Public Health Epidemiology

Background:

  • Pyogenic arthritis (M00.9) is a serious joint infection requiring hospitalization.
  • Understanding hospitalization trends is crucial for public health resource allocation and patient care.
  • Previous epidemiological data on pyogenic arthritis in Aragón, Spain, is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the temporal evolution of hospitalizations for pyogenic arthritis (M00.9) in Aragón, Spain, from 2015 to 2023.
  • To identify demographic and clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with pyogenic arthritis.
  • To assess trends in incidence, comorbidities, and healthcare utilization.

Main Methods:

  • Observational, descriptive, and analytical study using International Classification of Diseases, version 10 (ICD-10) code M00.9.
  • Data sourced from Aragón's Health Big Data (BIGAN) for public and private hospitals (2015-2023).
  • Statistical analysis performed with a significance level of p<0.05.

Main Results:

  • A total of 261 pyogenic arthritis cases were identified, with a notable incidence peak in 2022 (5.65/100,000 inhabitants).
  • Men constituted 61.3% of cases; incidence was higher in children (0-4 years) and adults (>65 years).
  • Mean hospital stay was 13.03 days, with a 23.37% readmission rate; common comorbidities included hematologic disease and hypertension.

Conclusions:

  • Pyogenic arthritis hospitalizations in Aragón showed a significant increase in 2022, followed by a decrease in 2023, but not to pre-2021 levels.
  • The study highlights a male predominance in pyogenic arthritis cases.
  • Findings underscore the need for continued surveillance and management strategies for pyogenic arthritis.
Keywords:
age distributioncomorbiditiesepidemiologymusculoskeletal infectionpyogenic arthritis

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