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Related Concept Videos

Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism02:37

Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism

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Depending upon the different spatial orientation of the substituents, the disubstituted cycloalkanes exhibit two types of stereoisomers. The cis isomers have the substituents on the same side of the ring, whereas the trans isomers have the substituents on the opposite sides. These stereoisomers exhibit different physical properties and cannot be interconverted without breaking the carbon-carbon bonds.
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers....
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Structural Isomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
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Structure of Lipids

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Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic...
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Here, we present a protocol for the formation of lipid bilayers using a contact bubble bilayer method. A water bubble is blown into an organic solvent, whereby a monolayer is formed at the water-oil interface. Two pipettes are manipulated to dock the bubbles to form a...
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Cell Aggregation Assays to Evaluate the Binding of the Drosophila Notch with Trans-Ligands and its Inhibition by Cis-Ligands05:48

Cell Aggregation Assays to Evaluate the Binding of the Drosophila Notch with Trans-Ligands and its Inhibition by Cis-Ligands

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Complexity of in vivo systems makes it difficult to distinguish between the activation and inhibition of Notch receptor by trans- and cis-ligands, respectively. Here, we present a protocol based on in vitro cell-aggregation assays for qualitative and semi-quantitative evaluation of the binding of Drosophila Notch to trans-ligands vs...
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Microfluidic jetting against a droplet interface lipid bilayer provides a reliable way to generate vesicles with control over membrane asymmetry, incorporation of transmembrane proteins, and encapsulation of material. This technique can be applied to study a variety of biological systems where compartmentalized biomolecules are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Stability of cis-trans Isomers of Disubstituted Cycloalkanes
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Stability of cis-trans Isomers of Disubstituted Cycloalkanes

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Dynamics and Structural Responses to Cis-Trans Isomerization in Bacterial Lipid Bilayers.

Saad Raza1, Troy H Sievertsen2, Majid Jafari2

  • 1Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.

ACS Omega
|January 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Bacteria adapt to environmental stress by altering cell membrane fluidity through fatty acid cis-trans isomerization. This rapid response, crucial for membrane homeostasis, involves molecular dynamics simulations to quantify its effects.

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Stability of cis-trans Isomers of Disubstituted Cycloalkanes
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Cells adapt to environmental changes using mechanisms like altering cell membrane fluidity.
  • Gram-negative bacteria utilize fatty acid cis-trans isomerization to adjust membrane composition in response to temperature shifts.
  • This isomerization impacts membrane rigidity and lipid acyl tail fluidity, maintaining homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of fatty acid cis-trans isomerization on membrane properties and dynamics.
  • To model these effects in *Pseudomonas putida* using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
  • To quantify the variations in membrane properties between all-cis and all-trans configurations.

Main Methods:

  • Employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for a membrane model of *Pseudomonas putida*.
  • Simulated transitions between all-cis and all-trans fatty acid configurations.
  • Analyzed changes in membrane thickness, lipid diffusion, and unsaturation site accessibility.

Main Results:

  • Fatty acid cis-trans isomerization significantly alters membrane thickness and lipid diffusion rates.
  • Unsaturation sites in cis fatty acids exhibit a higher probability of residing at the membrane surface compared to trans fatty acids.
  • This positional difference may affect enzymatic interactions and protein accessibility.

Conclusions:

  • Cis-trans isomerization is a rapid, biosynthesis-independent mechanism for bacterial adaptation to environmental stress.
  • The study quantifies the biophysical consequences of this isomerization on membrane properties.
  • Findings suggest implications for enzyme activity and peripheral membrane protein function.