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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Synthesis of Graphene-Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites for Potential Use in Bone Tissue Engineering
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Optimizing Electrochemical Deposition for Biodegradable Zinc-Hydroxyapatite Systems in Bone Repair.

Radka Gorejova1, Ivana Mojzisova1, Evghenii Harea2

  • 1Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.

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Summary

Hydroxyapatite coatings on zinc improve biocompatibility for medical implants. Electrochemical deposition created uniform, adherent coatings, enhancing mechanical stability and reducing degradation while showing good hemocompatibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Materials Engineering
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Biodegradable metals offer alternatives to inert implants.
  • Zinc is a promising biodegradable metal but faces cytotoxicity issues.
  • Hydroxyapatite coatings enhance bone-material integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings on zinc using electrochemical deposition (ECD).
  • To optimize ECD parameters for uniform, adherent, and bioactive HAp coatings on zinc.
  • To evaluate the hemocompatibility and degradation of HAp-coated zinc.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical deposition (ECD) was used to coat zinc substrates with hydroxyapatite.
  • Key parameters like current density, deposition time, and EDTA-2Na concentration were optimized.
  • Coating adhesion, morphology, mechanical stability, degradation rate, and thrombogenicity were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Optimized ECD produced uniform, adherent HAp coatings with favorable morphology for cell attachment.
  • HAp coatings improved mechanical stability and reduced zinc degradation in simulated body fluids.
  • The HAp-coated zinc surface demonstrated no thrombogenicity, indicating good hemocompatibility.

Conclusions:

  • Electrochemical deposition is a scalable method for creating bioactive HAp coatings on zinc.
  • HAp-coated zinc shows enhanced biocompatibility, mechanical stability, and reduced degradation.
  • This HAp-coated zinc holds potential for biomedical applications, particularly in bone regeneration.