Prediction of burnout and psychosocial differences among sandwich generation and other informal caregivers

Previous research indicates that burnout is higher among sandwich generation than among caregivers of children only and parents only. This study sought to identify the strongest predictors of burnout in different groups of caregivers. Further, this study aimed to confirm previous findings on the differences between caregivers of children only, parents only, and both children and parents (i.e. the sandwich generation).

Participants (N = 415) recruited from Prime Panels answered questions related to burnout and psychosocial variables. Correlational analyses, a one-way ANOVA, and two multiple linear regressions were completed.

Predictors of burnout differed between caregiving groups. In sandwich generation caregivers, positive and negative relationship quality were significant predictors of caregiver burnout. In parent-only caregivers, unique predictors of burnout included insomnia, distress tolerance, and neuroticism. In child-only caregivers, depressive symptoms and negative relationship quality significantly predicted caregiver burnout. Caregiver burnout and both positive and negative quality of the caregiving relationships differed significantly between the groups. Caregiver burnout was significantly higher in sandwich generation and parent-only caregivers compared to child-only caregivers. Positive relationship quality was highest among child-only caregivers, followed by sandwich generation and parent-only caregivers. Negative relationship quality was highest among sandwich generation, followed by parent-only caregivers and child-only caregivers.

Individuals caring for parents, especially those in the sandwich generation, face unique challenges including higher levels of burnout and depressive symptoms. Relationship quality is important in predicting burnout among individuals caring for parents.