Gut microbiome remodeling induced by microplastic exposure in humans

Area of Science:

• Environmental Health
• Microbiology
• Human Health

Background:

• Microplastic (MP) impact on animal gut microbiomes is known, but human data is scarce.
• Human gut microbiome differences necessitate specific investigation of MP effects.
• Potential links between MP-induced gut dysbiosis and human disease pathogenesis are emerging.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current evidence on microplastic impacts on the human gut microbiota.
• To analyze potential links between microplastic-induced dysbiosis and human disease.
• To explore mechanisms and limitations in human microplastic exposure studies.

Main Methods:

• Cross-sectional studies on human microplastic exposure (e.g., hot foods in disposable tableware).
• Analysis of associations between microplastic exposure and gut microbiome composition and function.
• Review of existing literature on microplastic effects on human gut bacteria.

Main Results:

• Microplastic exposure altered bacterial abundances, increasing some (e.g., Enterobacteriaceae) and decreasing others (e.g., Bacillota).
• Observed changes correlated with reduced butyrate and short-chain fatty acid levels.
• Contradictory findings exist for certain bacteria (e.g., Lachnospiraceae), potentially linked to diseases like obesity and IBD.

Conclusions:

• Microplastics induce gut dysbiosis in humans, affecting microbial diversity and function.
• Microplastic-induced dysbiosis is a potential factor in human disease pathogenesis.
• Further research is needed to clarify mechanisms and address limitations in human exposure assessment.