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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Light-driven Molecular Motors on Surfaces for Single Molecular Imaging
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Light-Guided Molecular Patterning for High-Throughput Single-Molecule Mechanical Characterization.

Hansol Choi1,2,3, Andrew Ward1,2, Wesley P Wong1,2,3,4

  • 1Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|January 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a light-guided method to precisely pattern single biomolecules on surfaces without lithography. This technique enables advanced single-molecule analysis and the engineering of functional surfaces with controlled molecular arrangements.

Keywords:
DNA nanotechnologybiomaterialsbiophysicsbio‐lithographysurface functionalization

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Area of Science:

  • Biomolecular analysis
  • Surface engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Precise control over biomolecule arrangement is crucial for advanced assays and surface engineering.
  • Existing surface functionalization methods lack the required precision, programmability, and accessibility.
  • Random or sparse biomolecular arrangements limit the capabilities of single-molecule studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel light-guided surface patterning method for precise biomolecular organization.
  • To enable covalent organization of oligonucleotides (oligos) without lithographic equipment.
  • To create a scalable and accessible platform for high-throughput single-molecule manipulation and characterization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a light-guided approach using UV patterns projected through a digital micromirror device (DMD).
  • Employed oligonucleotides (oligos) functionalized with 3-cyanovinylcarbazole (CNVK) nucleoside for crosslinking.
  • Demonstrated compatibility with single-molecule force spectroscopy using magnetic tweezers and hydrodynamic methods.

Main Results:

  • Achieved precise spatial organization of oligonucleotides (oligos) via light-guided crosslinking.
  • Successfully patterned surfaces with controlled molecular identity and positioning.
  • Validated the method's utility through single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments.

Conclusions:

  • The developed light-guided method offers a scalable and accessible solution for precise biomolecular patterning.
  • This technique overcomes limitations of standard surface functionalization, enabling advanced single-molecule assays.
  • Provides precise control over molecular arrangement, facilitating high-throughput manipulation and mechanical characterization.