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Pollination and Flower Structure02:40

Pollination and Flower Structure

Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs.  
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Forced Flowering in Mandarin Trees under Phytotron Conditions08:42

Forced Flowering in Mandarin Trees under Phytotron Conditions

Here, we present a protocol to force flowering in mandarin trees under phytotron conditions. Water stress, high illuminance and a simulated spring photoperiod allowed viable flowers to be obtained in a short period of time. This methodology allows researchers to have several flowering periods in 1 year.
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Flavonoid Content During the Growth and Floral Development of Calendula officinalis L.04:54

Flavonoid Content During the Growth and Floral Development of Calendula officinalis L.

Here, we present the aluminum chloride colorimetric method, a direct analytical technique to determine flavonoids in calendula quantitatively. This approach utilizes a straightforward chemical reaction involving treating the calendula extract with an aluminum chloride reagent, forming a colored complex. The color intensity, assessed using spectrophotometry, correlates with the flavonoid...
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Plant Growth and Agrobacterium-mediated Floral-dip Transformation of the Extremophyte Schrenkiella parvula06:32

Plant Growth and Agrobacterium-mediated Floral-dip Transformation of the Extremophyte Schrenkiella parvula

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using a floral-dip method can be successfully employed to create stable transgenic lines of the extremophyte model Schrenkiella parvula. We present a protocol modified from that for Arabidopsis thaliana, considering different growth habits and physiological characteristics of the...
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Floral-Dip Transformation of Flax (Linum usitatissimum) to Generate Transgenic Progenies with a High Transformation Rate08:49

Floral-Dip Transformation of Flax (Linum usitatissimum) to Generate Transgenic Progenies with a High Transformation Rate

Here, we present a protocol to transform flax using Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation via floral-dip. This protocol is simple to perform and inexpensive, yet yields a higher transformation rate than the current available methods for flax...
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Whole-mount Clearing and Staining of Arabidopsis Flower Organs and Siliques09:17

Whole-mount Clearing and Staining of Arabidopsis Flower Organs and Siliques

In this protocol, we describe techniques for the proper dissection of Arabidopsis flowers and siliques, some basic clearing techniques, and selected staining procedures for whole-mount observations of reproductive...
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