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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors09:57

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A method for imaging changes in membrane potential using genetically encoded voltage indicators is described.
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Source: Arvin H. Soepriatna1, Kelsey A. Bullens2, and Craig J. Goergen1
1 Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
2 Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging is an exciting optical technique that utilizes fluorescent probes to visualize complex biomolecular assemblies in tissues. NIRF imaging has many advantages over conventional imaging methods for noninvasive imaging of diseases....
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Glutamine Flux Imaging Using Genetically Encoded Sensors10:23

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This article will demonstrate how to monitor glutamine dynamics in live cells using FRET. Genetically encoded sensors allow real-time monitoring of biological molecules at a subcellular resolution. Experimental design, technical details of the experimental settings, and considerations for post-experimental analyses will be discussed for genetically encoded glutamine...
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Cellular ion transport can often be assessed by monitoring intracellular pH (pHi). Genetically Encoded pH-Indicators (GEpHIs) provide optical quantification of intracellular pH in intact cells. This protocol details the quantification of intracellular pH through cellular ex vivo live-imaging of Malpighian tubules of Drosophila melanogaster with pHerry, a pseudo-ratiometric genetically encoded...
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This manuscript presents protocols for the application of novel genetically encoded nitric oxide (NO•) probes (geNOps) to monitor single cell NO• fluctuations in real-time using fluorescence microscopy. The Ca2+-triggered NO• formation on the level of individual endothelial cells was visualized by combining geNOps with a chemical Ca2+...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

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Genetically Encoded Near-Infrared Fluorescent Proteins for Viral Imaging and Detection: A Mini-Review.

Fakhrul Hassan1, Abbas Khan2, Muhammad Suleman3

  • 1Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Al-mizan Campus, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Pakistan. fakhr.hassan@riphah.edu.pk.

Current Microbiology
|January 19, 2026
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Summary

Bacteriophytochrome-derived near-infrared fluorescent proteins (NIR FPs) enable deep-tissue viral imaging. Advances in engineering these NIR FPs offer improved brightness and stability for tracking infections and developing diagnostics.

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Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Bacteriophytochrome-derived near-infrared fluorescent proteins (NIR FPs) offer advantages for in vivo imaging.
  • Key benefits include deep tissue penetration, low autofluorescence, and compatibility with endogenous biliverdin.
  • Engineering efforts have enhanced NIR FPs for improved brightness, stability, and genetic encodability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the design principles of bacteriophytochrome-derived NIR FPs.
  • To explore their applications in viral process visualization and diagnostics.
  • To discuss their translational potential in medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of engineering advances in NIR FP development (e.g., iRFPs, miRFPs, PAiRFPs).
  • Integration of NIR FPs with diagnostic platforms (reporter viruses, CRISPR assays, biosensors).
  • Combination with advanced imaging modalities like photoacoustic tomography and PET.

Main Results:

  • Engineered NIR FPs (iRFPs, miRFPs, PAiRFPs) show improved performance for mammalian models.
  • NIR FPs facilitate real-time tracking of infection dynamics and host-virus interactions.
  • Multimodal imaging strategies enhance translational utility.

Conclusions:

  • Bacteriophytochrome-derived NIR FPs are powerful tools for non-invasive viral visualization.
  • Ongoing research in protein design and hybrid imaging addresses current limitations.
  • NIR FPs hold significant promise for advancing viral surveillance, therapeutic evaluation, and diagnostics.