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Related Concept Videos

Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System I: Ingestion and Propulsion01:22

Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System I: Ingestion and Propulsion

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The physiology of the gastrointestinal system begins with ingestion as food enters the mouth.
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Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System II: Digestion and Absorption01:22

Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System II: Digestion and Absorption

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The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, extending from the mouth to the anus, plays a pivotal role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. This process involves both mechanical and chemical actions facilitated by various enzymes.
Digestion begins in the mouth, where food undergoes mechanical breakdown by chewing and combines with saliva. Salivary amylase, an enzyme in saliva, starts the breakdown of starches into maltose. The food then travels down the esophagus to the stomach.
In the stomach, a...
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Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System III: Elimination01:26

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The gastrointestinal elimination process involves a complex interplay of neural and hormonal mechanisms that coordinate the final waste removal from the body. This intricate operation encompasses the absorption of water and electrolytes, vital for transforming the remaining indigestible food matter into feces. The large intestine is pivotal in water and electrolyte absorption, forming feces from unabsorbed minerals, undigested food, bacteria, bile pigments, and shed epithelial cells. Essential...
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Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

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Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
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A Strategy for the Study of IL-9-Producing Lymphoid Cells in the Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Infection Model08:38

A Strategy for the Study of IL-9-Producing Lymphoid Cells in the Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Infection Model

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IL-9-expressing T and ILC2 cells are induced during N. brasiliensis infection, yet their characterization has been largely overlooked in the infected intestine due to their low frequency and differential kinetics. This protocol describes the isolation of these cells from different target organs and confirmation of their identity via flow cytometry at different infection...
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Profiling Luminal pH in Three-Dimensional Gastrointestinal Organoids Using Microelectrodes08:24

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The present protocol describes pH measurements in human tissue-derived gastric organoids using microelectrodes for spatiotemporal characterization of intraluminal physiology.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System I: Ingestion and Propulsion
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Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System I: Ingestion and Propulsion

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Exploratory study characterizing gastrointestinal physiological changes during controlled human hookworm infection.

Thomas C Mules1,2, Mali Camberis1, Brittany Lavender1

  • 1Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.

American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
|January 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Controlled hookworm infection in healthy adults temporarily lowers duodenal and small intestinal pH without impacting gut transit or motility. This finding is crucial for understanding hookworm

Keywords:
SmartPillgastrointestinal physiologyhookworm infectionintestinal pHmotility

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Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System II: Digestion and Absorption
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Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System III: Elimination
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Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System III: Elimination

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System I: Ingestion and Propulsion
01:22

Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System I: Ingestion and Propulsion

1.8K
Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System II: Digestion and Absorption
01:22

Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System II: Digestion and Absorption

1.8K
Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System III: Elimination
01:26

Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System III: Elimination

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Hookworm infection affects over 400 million globally, causing gastrointestinal issues, but its physiological impact is unclear.
  • Controlled human hookworm infection is a potential therapy for gut diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effects of experimental *Necator americanus* infection on gastrointestinal transit, motility, and luminal pH in healthy adults.

Main Methods:

  • 10 healthy adults were infected with *N. americanus* larvae.
  • Gastrointestinal parameters were measured using the SmartPill™ Wireless Motility Capsule at baseline, acute (week 6), and chronic (weeks 24-48) infection phases.

Main Results:

  • No significant changes in gastric emptying, small bowel, colonic, or whole gut transit times were observed.
  • A transient reduction in duodenal and small intestinal pH occurred during acute infection, normalizing by the chronic phase.
  • No significant alterations in intraluminal pressures, contraction frequency, or motility index were detected.

Conclusions:

  • Controlled *N. americanus* infection in healthy adults causes a temporary decrease in duodenal and small intestinal pH.
  • The absence of sustained gastrointestinal transit or motility disturbances supports the safety of controlled hookworm infection for therapeutic research.