Executive function and working memory impairments in hearing loss: Impact on speech-in-noise perception

Hearing loss (HL) can adversely affect both Speech in Noise (SIN) performance and cognitive functions. However, the impact of technologies used to compensate for hearing impairment on these abilities remains unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of HL on cognitive functions and SIN perception, and to investigate whether he use of hearing aids (HA) and/or cochlear implants (CI) modifies these potential effects. The study sample consisted of 14 unaided patients with HL in the Unaided Group (UaG, 21.5%), 18 individuals in the Aided Group (AG, 27.7%)-including 9 hearing aid users and 9 cochlear implant users-and 33 individuals with normal hearing in the Control Group (50.8%). All participants were assessed using the Stroop test, the digit span forward (DSF), and the digit span backward (DSB) test. SIN performance was evaluated using monosyllabic and trisyllabic word lists presented at a + 10 dB signal-to-noise ratio in the presence of white noise. As a result of the analysis, significant differences were observed between control and other groups in the Stroop and DSB results (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were found between Stroop scores and SIN performance (p < 0.05). No significant correlation was observed between digit span tests and SIN (p > 0.05). Stroop and DSB scores were significantly correlated with the HL severity (p < 0.05). According to these results, HL is linked to declines in executive function and working memory, with these deficits associated with poorer speech-in-noise perception. The findings underscore the need for interventions addressing both auditory and cognitive aspects in affected individuals.