Mechanism of Jianpi Shengxue Decoction in Alleviating Cyclophosphamide-Induced Myelosuppression in Mice

The paper aims to investigate how Jianpi Shengxue Decoction (JPSXD) alleviates chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression through network pharmacology and animal experiments. To do this, key components and targets were analyzed, and Protein-Protein Interaction Network (PPI) and herb-component-target networks were constructed. Gene Ontology (GO) andKyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment identified major pathways. A cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced myelosuppression model was established in 60 C57/BL6 mice. JPSXD was administered at different doses for 7 days. Peripheral blood counts, cytokines (thrombopoietin [TPO], erythropoietin [EPO], granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]), thymus index, bone marrow morphology, CD34+ cells, and AKT1, JAK2, and EGFR expression were evaluated. Network analysis identified 172 compounds and 454 targets, highlighting PI3K-Akt and JAK-STAT pathways. In vivo, CTX reduced leukocyte and signaling protein levels, while JPSXD restored counts, upregulated AKT1, JAK2, and EGFR, and improved thymus index (p < 0.05). Medium- and high-dose JPSXD increased TPO, EPO, GM-CSF, CD34⁺ cells, and improved bone marrow structure, with the high dose showing the strongest effect. Conclusively, JPSXD alleviates myelosuppression via multi-target, multi-pathway regulation, supporting its potential as an adjunctive therapy for chemotherapy-induced leukopenia.