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Related Concept Videos

Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

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Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
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Van der Waals Equation01:10

Van der Waals Equation

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The ideal gas law is an approximation that works well at high temperatures and low pressures. The van der Waals equation of state (named after the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, 1837−1923) improves it by considering two factors.
First, the attractive forces between molecules, which are stronger at higher densities and reduce the pressure, are considered by adding to the pressure a term equal to the square of the molar density multiplied by a positive coefficient a. Second, the volume...
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Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation04:01

Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation

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Thus far, the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, has been applied to a variety of different types of problems, ranging from reaction stoichiometry and empirical and molecular formula problems to determining the density and molar mass of a gas. However, the behavior of a gas is often non-ideal, meaning that the observed relationships between its pressure, volume, and temperature are not accurately described by the gas laws.
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Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

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There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
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Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

64.1K
Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
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Contemporary Psychology01:29

Contemporary Psychology

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Psychology explores human behavior and mental processes through various lenses, each offering unique insights. This overview examines key subfields, including biopsychology, evolutionary, developmental, personality, and social psychology, highlighting their approaches and contributions to understanding complex human behaviors.
Biopsychology
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials
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Contemporary Challenges in van der Waals 2D Semiconductors.

Balakrishnan Kirubasankar1,2, Ashok Mondal1,2,3, Seok Joon Yun4

  • 1Center for Low-Dimensional Quantum Materials, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.

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|January 19, 2026
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Summary

Van der Waals (vdW) layered semiconductors offer unique quantum properties for advanced electronics. This review explores challenges and opportunities in their synthesis, device integration, and applications for future technologies.

Keywords:
2D layered van der Waals materialschemical vapor depositionelectronicenergy conversionoptoelectronicsspintronicstechnology transfertransition metal dichalcogenides

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Materials

Background:

  • Van der Waals (vdW) layered semiconductors possess unique quantum properties like reduced dielectric screening and strong Coulomb interactions.
  • These properties enable exotic many-body physics and diverse device applications, including transistors, optoelectronics, and energy harvesting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current challenges and future opportunities in vdW-layered semiconductors.
  • To consolidate fundamental insights and device-level perspectives for advancing vdW semiconductor technology.

Main Methods:

  • This mega-review synthesizes contemporary research across nine key themes.
  • Themes include crystal growth, heterostructures, contacts, dielectrics, transistors, magnetic semiconductors, plasmonics, solar cells, neuromorphic computing, and energy conversion.

Main Results:

  • Critical challenges persist in controlled synthesis, low-resistance contacts, gate dielectrics, and wafer-scale device performance.
  • Significant progress has been made in exploring applications from electronics to sustainable energy systems.

Conclusions:

  • Advancing vdW semiconductors requires addressing synthesis, integration, and performance challenges.
  • A roadmap is proposed to transition vdW semiconductors from laboratory discoveries to transformative technologies.