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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Plant Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Global change, including warming, affects plant performance directly and indirectly through environmental modifications.
  • Soil microbes play a crucial role in plant health but are sensitive to warming, complicating the assessment of warming's direct vs. indirect effects on plants.
  • Distinguishing between direct warming effects on plants and indirect effects mediated by soil microbial community shifts is challenging in field studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how soil microbiomes conditioned by different durations of geothermal warming influence the performance of two grass species (Agrostis capillaris and Anthoxanthum odoratum).
  • To differentiate the direct effects of warming on plants from indirect effects mediated by soil microbial communities.
  • To assess the impact of warming-conditioned soil microbiomes on plant stress resistance under drought conditions and analyze associated root-associated fungal communities.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled glasshouse experiments using soils conditioned by ambient, medium-term (14 years), and long-term (>55 years) geothermal warming.
  • Monitoring plant performance (aboveground and belowground biomass) of Agrostis capillaris and Anthoxanthum odoratum under normal watering and drought stress.
  • Metabarcoding analysis of soil inocula to identify and quantify root-associated fungi and their relative abundance under different warming regimes.

Main Results:

  • Plants grown in soils conditioned by long-term warming (LTW) exhibited decreased belowground biomass for both species.
  • The negative effect on belowground biomass was exacerbated under drought conditions for Agrostis capillaris.
  • An increased aboveground to belowground biomass ratio was observed, coinciding with a higher relative abundance of putative plant pathogens and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

Conclusions:

  • Soil microbes significantly mediate the effects of global warming on plant performance, primarily through the reduction of belowground biomass.
  • Long-term warming exposure alters soil microbiomes in ways that can negatively impact plant growth, particularly under stressful conditions like drought.
  • Changes in soil microbial communities, including shifts in pathogen and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi abundance, are key mechanisms through which warming influences plant belowground development.