Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

12.3K
Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
12.3K
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

22.9K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
22.9K
Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

33.7K
The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
33.7K
Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

23.0K
Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
23.0K
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

20.5K
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
20.5K
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

8.7K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
8.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Expert Commentary of the Recent International Pediatric Nephrology Association IgA Vasculitis Nephritis Guidelines.

Nephron·2026
Same author

Sleep Apnea and Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Diurnal Patterning of Autonomic Dysfunction and Influence of CPAP Therapy.

Journal of arrhythmia·2026
Same author

Caregiver Perspectives for Pediatric Patients with Acute Kidney Injury on Dialysis: A Narrative Review.

Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare·2026
Same author

The Changes in Students' Satisfaction Rates Between the Accreditation Cycles by the Accreditation Commission on Colleges of Medicine (ACCM).

Advances in medical education and practice·2026
Same author

Seeing paraquat: the urine dithionite "blue" test.

Kidney international·2026
Same author

Molecular basis of CXC chemokine receptor 3 ligand multispecificity.

Science advances·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Activating Autophagy by Aerobic Exercise in Mice
08:44

Activating Autophagy by Aerobic Exercise in Mice

Published on: February 3, 2017

12.7K

Exercise-Induced Modulation of Subthalamic Activity and Intra-Nuclear Connectivity.

Prajakta Joshi1, Lara Shigo2, Brittany Smith2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|January 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exercise modulates Parkinson's disease circuitry. A month of cycling progressively increased dorsal subthalamic nucleus (STN) activity, suggesting shared mechanisms with levodopa and deep brain stimulation (DBS).

Keywords:
basal gangliabikingconnectivityexerciselocal field potentialsneurophysiologyneuroplasticitysubthalamic nucleus

More Related Videos

A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches
10:34

A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.8K
Analyzing Neural Activity and Connectivity Using Intracranial EEG Data with SPM Software
06:50

Analyzing Neural Activity and Connectivity Using Intracranial EEG Data with SPM Software

Published on: October 30, 2018

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Activating Autophagy by Aerobic Exercise in Mice
08:44

Activating Autophagy by Aerobic Exercise in Mice

Published on: February 3, 2017

12.7K
A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches
10:34

A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.8K
Analyzing Neural Activity and Connectivity Using Intracranial EEG Data with SPM Software
06:50

Analyzing Neural Activity and Connectivity Using Intracranial EEG Data with SPM Software

Published on: October 30, 2018

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Movement Disorders
  • Rehabilitation

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) treatments include medications, deep brain stimulation (DBS), and exercise.
  • Levodopa and DBS effects on the subthalamic nucleus (STN) are known, but exercise's impact is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate acute and long-term effects of a monthlong motorized cycling intervention on STN activity in PD patients.
  • Clarify how exercise modulates STN circuitry, potentially revealing shared neuromodulatory mechanisms with other PD treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Used local field potential (LFP) recordings from 29 electrodes in 18 STNs across nine PD patients.
  • Analyzed LFP features to assess changes in STN activity over a month of daily motorized cycling.
  • Quantified dorsal-ventral STN coupling using imaginary part of coherency (iCOH) and phase slope index (PSI).

Main Results:

  • Long-term cycling produced progressive increases in total LFP power in the dorsal STN, driven by the aperiodic background.
  • The ventral STN showed no significant change in LFP power over the same interval.
  • Increased iCOH in the 24-29 Hz range suggested a shared upstream driver, confirmed by a statistical SSTr framework.

Conclusions:

  • Motorized cycling progressively modulates dorsal STN activity, distinct from ventral STN changes.
  • Exercise engages neuromodulatory mechanisms overlapping with, but not identical to, levodopa or STN-DBS.
  • Evidence suggests a shared upstream driver influences both dorsal and ventral STN regions during exercise in PD.