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Retrospective Case Series Ocular Exposure Referrals to a Poisons Centre.

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Summary

Most ocular poisoning exposures are accidental and minor, primarily affecting adults. Severe injuries are rare, but alkali exposures warrant medical attention.

Keywords:
alkalieye exposureeye injuryocular exposuresocular poisoningspoison centreprimary preventiontoxicity

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Ocular poisoning exposures are frequent globally.
  • Limited data exists on the Australian experience with ocular poisoning.
  • This study characterizes ocular exposures reported to a Queensland poisons center.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the epidemiology of ocular poisoning exposures in Queensland.
  • To analyze the management of these cases.
  • To identify risk factors for severe ocular injury.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study of ocular exposure cases.
  • Data collected from the Queensland Poison Information Centre (Jan-June 2023).
  • Analysis included demographics, exposure details, symptoms, severity, and management.

Main Results:

  • 769 ocular exposures reported; adults (20-74 years) were most affected.
  • Most exposures were unintentional (99.2%) and involved alkalis (16.0%).
  • 606 (78.8%) exposures were symptomatic, mostly minor (76.7%). 361 (46.9%) cases advised medical review; 15 (2%) were moderate severity, often alkali-related.

Conclusions:

  • Ocular exposures reported to poison centers are predominantly accidental and minor.
  • Severe ocular injuries are infrequent but associated with alkali exposures.
  • Prompt medical evaluation is crucial for alkali-induced ocular exposures.