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Long-term mortality in pediatric sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Yongbiao Lv1, Jiayi Zheng2, Junxiang Cai3

  • 1The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Annals of Medicine
|January 20, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Long-term mortality after pediatric sepsis is 11%, indicating a significant, persistent risk for children post-discharge. This finding underscores the need for improved surveillance and care protocols for pediatric sepsis survivors.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care medicine
  • Epidemiology
  • Systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:

  • Pediatric sepsis significantly contributes to child mortality, with survivors facing ongoing fragility.
  • In-hospital and short-term mortality are well-documented, but long-term outcomes require further synthesis.
  • Understanding long-term mortality is crucial for enhancing post-discharge care for pediatric sepsis patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the long-term mortality rate in pediatric sepsis survivors.
  • To provide data supporting optimized post-discharge surveillance and care strategies.
  • To synthesize existing evidence on the long-term impact of pediatric sepsis.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Comprehensive literature search across major databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science) up to June 30, 2025.
  • Pooled analysis of long-term mortality data from six studies involving 11,318 pediatric sepsis patients using random effects meta-analysis.

Main Results:

  • Six studies comprising 11,318 pediatric sepsis patients were included from 72,065 identified records.
  • The pooled long-term mortality rate for pediatric sepsis was estimated at 11% (95% CI: 7-16%).
  • Significant heterogeneity was noted (I² = 98.2%, p < 0.001), with limited publication bias.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric sepsis is associated with an 11% long-term mortality rate, emphasizing the enduring risk after hospital discharge.
  • High-quality longitudinal studies are needed to identify modifiable risk factors.
  • Evidence-based follow-up and personalized care strategies are essential for improving outcomes in pediatric sepsis survivors.
Abstract

Keywords:
Long termmeta-analysismortalitypediatric sepsis

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