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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

A Fluorescence-based Assay of Phospholipid Scramblase Activity
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A Fluorescence-based Assay of Phospholipid Scramblase Activity

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Phospholipid Interconversion and Transport Are Altered in Glaucoma.

Genea Edwards1,2, Ruminder Kaur1,3, Anna Mueller1,3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|January 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glaucoma is linked to altered phospholipids and increased phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PSD) activity in the eye's drainage system. Modulating PSD levels directly impacts intraocular pressure (IOP), offering new therapeutic targets for glaucoma.

Keywords:
aqueous humorglaucomaphospholipidprimary open‐angle glaucomatrabecular meshwork

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Area of Science:

  • Ocular biology
  • Lipid metabolism
  • Glaucoma research

Background:

  • Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, involves elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) due to impaired aqueous humor (AH) outflow.
  • The trabecular meshwork (TM) is crucial for AH outflow, and its dysfunction is implicated in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of phospholipids (PLs) and the enzyme phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PSD) in the TM of glaucoma patients.
  • To explore potential lipid transport abnormalities and their connection to IOP regulation in glaucoma.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of phospholipid levels and PSD activity in TM tissues from glaucoma patients and normotensive controls.
  • Experimental manipulation of PSD levels in mice to assess its effect on IOP.
  • Identification of specific ocular lipid species and lipid transporter alterations in glaucoma models.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with POAG exhibit altered PL levels and increased PSD activity in the TM.
  • Elevating PSD in normotensive mice increases IOP, while reducing PSD in glaucomatous mice restores normal IOP.
  • Specific PLs show variable levels in TM and AH, suggesting lipid transport defects, with altered levels of the lipid transporter ATP8B2 implicated.

Conclusions:

  • PSD activity is a key regulator of IOP and a potential therapeutic target for glaucoma.
  • Alterations in specific phospholipids and the lipid transporter ATP8B2 may contribute to glaucoma pathogenesis by affecting lipid transport and function within the TM.