Using Complex Interventions to Develop Programme Theory for a Family-Focused Model of Telepalliative Care

Area of Science:

• Palliative Care
• Digital Health
• Health Services Research

Background:

• Telepalliative care offers convenience but faces sustainability challenges.
• Structured, culturally aligned models are needed for long-term success.
• Family-centered approaches enhance conventional palliative care services.

Purpose of the Study:

• Develop programme theory for a family-focused telepalliative care model.
• Address challenges in sustaining telepalliative care interventions.
• Integrate adult patient and family needs within virtual palliative care.

Main Methods:

• Utilized the British Medical Research Council's framework for complex interventions.
• Collected data through stakeholder workshops, observations, and interviews.
• Performed reflexive thematic and secondary data analyses to build programme theory.

Main Results:

• Identified three key themes: adapting to virtual care norms, balancing technology with face-to-face consultations, and ensuring governance and equity.
• Explored how professionals, patients, and families adapted to virtual interactions without structured guidance.
• Examined factors influencing the implementation, sustainability, and equitable access of telepalliative care.

Conclusions:

• Clinician digital competency directly impacts patient and family benefits in telepalliative care.
• Enhancing clinicians' digital skills is essential for effective virtual palliative care delivery.
• Prioritizing initial face-to-face visits and managing technology's role are critical considerations.