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Emergent Disorder and Sub-ballistic Dynamics in Quantum Simulations of the Ising Model Using Rydberg Atom Arrays.

Ceren B Dağ1,2,3, Hanzhen Ma1,2, P Myles Eugenio1,2,4

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Quantum simulations using Rydberg atom arrays show unexpected sub-ballistic correlation spread and logarithmic entanglement growth, deviating from theoretical predictions for the transverse-field Ising model (TFIM). Atom motion introduces emergent disorder, impacting many-body dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum simulation
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Atomic physics

Background:

  • Rydberg atom arrays offer a controllable platform for quantum simulation.
  • The transverse-field Ising model (TFIM) is a fundamental model in statistical mechanics, crucial for understanding phase transitions and critical phenomena.
  • Simulating TFIM far from equilibrium presents significant theoretical and experimental challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the far-from-equilibrium dynamics of the TFIM using a Rydberg atom array.
  • To uncover deviations between experimental results and theoretical predictions for TFIM dynamics.
  • To identify the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for observed discrepancies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the publicly accessible Aquila Rydberg atom array for remote quantum simulations.
  • Experimentally probed the transverse-field Ising model (TFIM) dynamics.
  • Modeled atom motion to understand its influence on system behavior and characterized emergent disorder using a minimal random spin model.

Main Results:

  • Observed a sub-ballistic spread of correlations, contrasting with the theoretically predicted ballistic spread.
  • Measured a logarithmic scaling of entanglement entropy over time.
  • The system largely maintained its initial magnetization despite dynamic evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Emergent disorder, stemming from atom motion, significantly impacts the many-body dynamics in Rydberg atom arrays simulating the TFIM.
  • The findings highlight the necessity of accounting for atom motion in future Rydberg atom array experiments.
  • Proposed benchmark measurements to detect the influence of atom motion in similar quantum simulation platforms.