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Related Concept Videos

Mean Absolute Deviation01:13

Mean Absolute Deviation

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The mean absolute deviation is also a measure of the variability of data in a sample. It is the absolute value of the average difference between the data values and the mean.
Let us consider a dataset containing the number of unsold cupcakes in five shops: 10, 15, 8, 7, and 10. Initially, calculate the sample mean. Then calculate the deviation, or the difference, between each data value and the mean. Next, the absolute values of these deviations are added and divided by the sample size to...
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Base Excision Repair01:54

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
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Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
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Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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DNA Base Pairing02:27

DNA Base Pairing

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Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule,
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Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats
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Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats

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Five-Year Absolute Risk-Based and Age-Based Breast Cancer Screening in the US.

Oguzhan Alagoz1, Yifan Lu1, Eugenio Gil Quessep2

  • 1Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

JAMA Network Open
|January 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Risk-based mammography screening can avert similar or more breast cancer deaths than age-based screening while reducing false positives. This personalized approach offers a more tailored strategy for breast cancer prevention.

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Using Computer-based Image Analysis to Improve Quantification of Lung Metastasis in the 4T1 Breast Cancer Model

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiology
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Current mammography screening guidelines are age-based, not accounting for individual breast cancer risk.
  • A personalized, risk-based approach may optimize screening effectiveness and reduce unnecessary recalls.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of risk-based mammography screening strategies against traditional age-based strategies.
  • To evaluate the impact on breast cancer mortality and false-positive screening recalls.

Main Methods:

  • A decision-analytic model using two Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) breast cancer models.
  • Simulated US women aged 40+ without prior breast cancer history, using digital breast tomosynthesis.
  • Compared 47 risk-based strategies and 3 age-based strategies against a no-screening scenario.

Main Results:

  • Nine risk-based strategies averted as many or more breast cancer deaths compared to biennial age-based screening (ages 40-74).
  • Risk-based strategies reduced false-positive recalls by 8%-23% compared to age-based screening.
  • A specific risk-based strategy demonstrated 6% more deaths averted and 13% fewer false positives.

Conclusions:

  • Population risk-based mammography screening offers comparable or superior benefits to age-based screening.
  • Risk-based screening significantly reduces false-positive recalls, enhancing patient care.
  • Personalized, risk-based screening is a promising cornerstone for future breast cancer prevention strategies.