Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Angiosperm Life Cycle02:39

The Angiosperm Life Cycle

72.1K
Plants have a life cycle split between two multicellular stages: a haploid stage—with cells containing one set of chromosomes—and a diploid stage—with cells containing two sets of chromosomes. The haploid stage is the gamete-producing gametophyte, and the diploid stage is the spore-producing sporophyte.
72.1K
Light Acquisition02:16

Light Acquisition

9.4K
In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
9.4K
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

3.0K
The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
3.0K
Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

3.3K
Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
3.3K
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter02:57

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

165.5K
The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
165.5K
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

21.1K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
21.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Origins of stomatal mechanics in grasses.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Pectin removal in Acer rubrum increases pit membrane compliance and embolism propagation.

Plant physiology·2026
Same author

Emergent feedforward and isohydric responses to soil and atmospheric aridity: insights from a time-dependent hydraulic model.

The New phytologist·2026
Same author

The use of digital gamification, extended reality, artificial intelligence, and integrated digital learning tools in palliative care education of undergraduate nurses: A systematic review.

Nurse education today·2026
Same author

Do Daily and Seasonal Changes in Non-Structural Carbohydrates in Grapevine Leaves Contribute to Osmotic Adjustment and Regulation of Photosynthesis?

Physiologia plantarum·2025
Same author

Pre-existing embolism causes reverse vulnerability segmentation in Populus.

Journal of experimental botany·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Assessing Stomatal Response to Live Bacterial Cells using Whole Leaf Imaging
07:03

Assessing Stomatal Response to Live Bacterial Cells using Whole Leaf Imaging

Published on: October 2, 2010

18.9K

Visualizing physical interactions between guard and epidermal cells during light-induced stomatal opening in 2

Anju Manandhar1, Fulton E Rockwell2, Nicki Watson3

  • 1Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.

Plant Physiology
|January 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Guard cells opening stomata involves lateral wall movement, not just volume changes. Epidermal cells accommodate this by shifting shape, creating pore space for plant transpiration.

More Related Videos

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring
05:22

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring

Published on: January 20, 2023

2.2K
Atomic Force Microscopy to Study the Physical Properties of Epidermal Cells of Live Arabidopsis Roots
05:51

Atomic Force Microscopy to Study the Physical Properties of Epidermal Cells of Live Arabidopsis Roots

Published on: March 31, 2022

2.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Assessing Stomatal Response to Live Bacterial Cells using Whole Leaf Imaging
07:03

Assessing Stomatal Response to Live Bacterial Cells using Whole Leaf Imaging

Published on: October 2, 2010

18.9K
Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring
05:22

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring

Published on: January 20, 2023

2.2K
Atomic Force Microscopy to Study the Physical Properties of Epidermal Cells of Live Arabidopsis Roots
05:51

Atomic Force Microscopy to Study the Physical Properties of Epidermal Cells of Live Arabidopsis Roots

Published on: March 31, 2022

2.6K

Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Plant anatomy
  • Cellular mechanics

Background:

  • Stomatal pores regulate gas exchange in plants.
  • Guard cell volume changes are traditionally linked to stomatal opening/closing.
  • The role of neighboring epidermal cells in stomatal pore formation is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural interactions between guard cells and epidermal cells during stomatal pore formation.
  • To clarify the contribution of epidermal cells to the mechanics of stomatal opening in angiosperms.

Main Methods:

  • Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) was used to visualize cross-sections of guard and epidermal cells in open and closed stomatal states.
  • Three-dimensional confocal imaging tracked cell shape and movement during light-induced stomatal opening in intact leaves.
  • Studies were conducted on two angiosperm species: Vicia faba and Tradescantia virginiana.

Main Results:

  • Stomatal pore formation is driven by the lateral movement of the guard-epidermal cell wall boundary.
  • Increased guard cell volume alone does not create the stomatal pore.
  • Epidermal cells do not decrease in volume; instead, guard cell intrusion alters epidermal cell shape, creating space for the pore.

Conclusions:

  • Guard cell volume changes are not the primary driver of stomatal pore formation.
  • Lateral wall movement and epidermal cell shape modification are crucial for creating pore space.
  • This study refines our understanding of the mechanical processes underlying stomatal function in plants.