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Understanding alexithymia: the role of experiential avoidance.

Maxi C Stiller^1,2, James J Gross², Katharina Förster^1,3

¹Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Cognition & Emotion

|January 20, 2026

Summary

Alexithymia, difficulty processing emotions, is strongly linked to experiential avoidance, the tendency to avoid unpleasant feelings. Targeting experiential avoidance may help treat alexithymia and related mental health issues.

Keywords:

Alexithymia emotions experiential avoidance latent profile analysis psychopathology

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Clinical Psychology
Psychopathology

Background:

Alexithymia, characterized by impaired emotion processing, is a significant risk factor for psychopathology.
The underlying mechanisms of alexithymia are not fully understood.
The attention-appraisal model proposes experiential avoidance as a key mechanism in alexithymia.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between alexithymia and experiential avoidance.
To examine the role of experiential avoidance in the development of psychopathology associated with alexithymia.

Main Methods:

A study involving 444 participants who completed questionnaires on alexithymia, experiential avoidance, and psychopathology symptoms.
Statistical analyses including correlation and latent profile analysis were employed.
Comparison of psychopathology levels across identified subgroups.

Main Results:

A significant positive correlation was found between alexithymia and experiential avoidance (r = .55, p < .001).
Experiential avoidance explained 25.4% of the variance in alexithymia.
A subgroup with high alexithymia and high experiential avoidance exhibited elevated symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, PTSD, and dissociation.

Conclusions:

Findings support the attention-appraisal model, highlighting experiential avoidance as a crucial factor in alexithymia.
High alexithymia often co-occurs with high experiential avoidance.
Interventions targeting experiential avoidance may be beneficial for alexithymia and associated emotional difficulties.