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Vaccine expression systems and maternal/neonatal factors: Impacts on hepatitis B immunization efficacy in preterm

Lu Shen1, Yan Xie1, Zhongkui Zhu1

  • 1Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|January 20, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis B vaccination is highly effective in preterm infants, achieving 99.43% seroprotection. Factors like gestational age and vaccine schedules influence antibody levels, guiding future infant immunization strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Global increase in preterm births necessitates effective hepatitis B prevention strategies.
  • Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for preterm infants, but immunogenicity requires further study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccination in preterm infants.
  • To identify factors influencing antibody response, including gestational age and immunization protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 699 preterm infants completing the hepatitis B vaccine series.
  • Assessment of immunogenicity using geometric mean concentration (GMC) and seroprotection rate (SPR).

Main Results:

  • High overall seroprotection rate (99.43%) and geometric mean concentration (986.36 mIU/mL).
  • Infants with gestational age <28 weeks showed higher GMC (3,735.59 mIU/mL).
  • Uniform vaccine schedules resulted in higher GMC (1,281.26 mIU/mL) compared to mixed schedules (691.91 mIU/mL).

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis B vaccination induces a robust immune response in preterm infants.
  • Variations in antibody response magnitude may be linked to vaccine expression systems.
  • Findings can inform optimized vaccination strategies for preterm populations.

Keywords:
Preterm infantshepatitis B vaccineimmunogenicityseroprotection rate

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